Resonance was found to be limited to short intervals no more than a few hundred milliseconds, which could be explained by our network model to be a result of synaptic input to the inferior olive. To test the resonant properties of complex spike firing we used different temporal patterns of sensory stimulation in awake mice.
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Our data and model suggest that oscillations are present in the awake state, but that the period of subthreshold oscillations is variable, resulting in semi-periodic activity, which result in the high unpredictability of sensory-triggered complex spikes occurring in windows of opportunity lasting a few tens of milliseconds. Here we combine electrophysiological recordings in awake mice with a novel and realistic tissue-scale computational model of the inferior olive to study the relative impact of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms governing its activity. interact with synaptic inputs controlling inferior olivary output in intact, awake behaving animals is poorly understood. Studies in reduced preparations suggest that these properties promote rhythmic, synchronized output. Many of its neurons engage in coherent subthreshold oscillations and are extensively coupled via gap junctions.
Inferior olivary activity causes both short-term and long-term changes in cerebellar output underlying motor adaptation and motor learning, respectively. These findings indicate that testing the role of IO in learning requires methods that do not alter the functional state of the cerebellum. In parallel to these behavioral effects, the spontaneous neuronal activity and CR-related neuronal responses in the IN were suppressed, suggesting cerebellar dysfunction. We found that NBQX abolished CR expression and that delayed drug effects were independent of the presentation of the conditioned stimulus and were therefore not related to extinction. The IO in trained rabbits was injected with the AMPA/kainate receptor blocker, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-nitro-2,3-dioxo-benzoquinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX), and its effects on CR expression and neuronal activity in the cerebellar interposed nuclei (IN) were examined. To address this critical issue, we used our microwire-based multiple single-unit recording method. However, the electrophysiological support for this critical finding was lacking, mostly because of methodological difficulties in maintaining stable recordings from the same set of single units throughout long drug injection sessions in awake rabbits. Previously, it was reported that inactivation of AMPA/kainate receptors in the IO produces extinction of conditioned responses (CRs), suggesting that it blocks the transmission of US signals without perturbing the functional state of the cerebellum. putative learning function, also controls tonic activity in the cerebellum. Testing this concept has been difficult because the IO, in addition to its. The inferior olive (IO) is commonly thought to provide the cerebellum with a "teaching" unconditioned stimulus (US) signal required for cerebellar learning. Classical conditioning of the eyeblink response is a form of motor learning that is controlled by the intermediate cerebellum and related brainstem structures.
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